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A. C. SAVIDGE.

MOTOR.

APPLICATloN FILED SEPT.26,1914.

Patented Aug. 29, 1916.

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ALBERT C. SAVIDGE, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

MOTOR.

Specification of Letters Eatent.

Patented iug. 23, 1916.

Application filed September 26, 1914. Serial No. 863,640.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT C. SAviDen, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana, have invented a new and useful Motor, o-f which the following is a speciication.

The object of my invention is to produce a motor, driven by a fluid under pressure, having a plurality of cylinders and pistons, or other force-receiving members, and an automatically operating valve so formed and arranged that, in the initial application of a motive fluid to the motor, all of the forwarding-moving elements may be caused to receive an application of the motive fluid for a greater part of their movement initially than subsequently, and even though they are in position in which under running conditions some of said elements would be cut olf from the source of motive fluid supplygffor efficiently using the energy of the motive fluid by permitting its maximum expansion before exhausting, and at the same time insuring the starting of the motor under all conditions and with maximum torque.

The accompanying drawings illustrate my invention.

Figure 1 is a transverse section on line 1-1 of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 an axial section of a motor embodying my invention; Fig. 3 a development of the port sleeve; and Fig. 4 a development of the rotary valve.

In the drawings, 10, 11, 12 and 13 indicate four cylinders in which are mounted the pistons 10', 11', 12 and 13, respectively, said pistons being connected in the usual manner by pitmen 14 to the several cranks 15 of the crank shaft 16 through which the power of the apparatus is delivered. Closing the several cylinders is a head 17 in which is formed a longitudinal chamber 18 extending across all of the cylinders, said chamber having annular enlargements 10, 11, 12" and 13 which cominunicate'with the cylinders 10, 11, 12 and 13, respectively. The annular chambers just referred to are partially cut off from the interior of c hamber 18 by a sleeve 19, said sleeve having a series of ports 21, 22, 23 and 24 which are spaced from one another both circumferentially and axially of the sleeve, or in other words are helically arranged on the sleeve, and which communicate respectively with the chambers 10, 11, 12 and 13". Ro-

tatably mounted in the sleeve 19 is a rotary valve 25 divided into an inlet chamber 26 and an exhaust chamber 27 by means of a longitudinal partition 28 and partial heads 29, 29. Leading from the chamber 27 are a series of exhaust ports 31 which register cirl cumferentially with the ports 21, 22, 23 and 24. Leading from the inlet chamber 26 are the main or running working ports 32 and alongside of each of the ports 32, but considerably longer in circumferential extent, is a supplemental or starting port 33.` The valve 25, when the structure is at rest, is held at one end of the sleeve 19 by a spring 35 and a supplemental spring 36, the spring 36 having a readily adjustable abutment 37, and in this position the long ports 33 are in circumferentialv alinement with the several ports 21, 22, 23 and 24, while the ports 32 are out of circumferential alinement with said last-named ports.

The chamber 18 is provided with an inlet passage 38 at the end Opposite that in which the spring 35 is mounted, and at the end in which spring 35 is mounted is freely open to the atmosphere through the ports 39.

The operation is as follows: The ports 21, 22, 23, and 24 in the sleeve 19 are so arranged relatively to the corresponding ports 32 in the rotary valve 25 that when they coperate therewith, which as will appear later is when the apparatus is running under normal conditions, satisfactory cutoH of the supply of motive fluid to the cylinders prior to the end of the outward piston strokes is obtained, so as to obtain energy from the mere expansion of the motive fluid in the cylinders after the supply of lluid thereto has ceased and before the exhaust begins; and are so arranged relatively to the corresponding ports 33 in such rotary valve 25 that when they cooperate therewith, which as already explained and as will further appear later is when the apparatus is initially operating or starting up from a condition of rest, communication is established between the inlet chamber 26 'and all those cylinders in which the pistons are moving outwardly, throughout the full length of the outward piston movement. Upon the initial admission of motive fluid to the chamber 18, said motive fluid passes into the inlet chamber 26 and through those of the ports 33 which register with the ports g21, 22, 23, and 24, into all the cylinders havsimultaneously, said valve ing outwardly moving pistons, even though such pistons are nearer to the end of their outward movement than the normal point of cut-off; but quite promptly after this initial admission, the fluid pressure, acting axially ony the valve 25, shifts it longitudinally against the action of the springs 35 and 36, thus shifting the ports 33 out of eooperative alinement with the ports 21, 22, 23, and 24 and bringing the ports 32 into cooperative alinement with said ports 21, 22, 28, and 24, thereby .establishing the proper eutsoffrelationship between the valve and the cylinders for operation under normal conditions. By this arrangement I am able to provide the motor with a driving force acting initially upon a greater number of pistons than Would be possible if the cut-off arrangement which for reasons of economy is used under running conditions were also used under starting conditions, and to admit the fluid pressure simultaneously to an average greater number of cylinders initially than subsequently; in addition I am at all times able initially to admit fluid to on'e or more cylinders, which condition might not be true if the cut-off relationship desirable for economy in running were maintained for initial operation; and finally I am at the same time able to obtain economical use of the motive fluid under normal running conditions, by using its energy of expansion in the cylinders after the supply has been cut off.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with a motor comprising a plurality of coacting motor units, a fluid-pressurecontrolling device formed to control the flow of motive fluid to and from said units in regular succession when the motor is in operation, said device having parts for admitting motive fluid to a lesser number of said units at a time when the motor is operating under normal conditions and parts for admitting motive fluid to an average greater number of said units at a time when the motor is in initial operation, and means for automatically throwing said last-mentioned parts out of commission when the normal operation of the motor is established under the pressure of its motive fluid.

2. The combination with a motor comprising a plurality of motor units, of a fluid pressure controlling valve provided with portions for normally successively controlling inlet and exhaust from the several motor units when themotor is in normal motion, said valve also having portions for permitting inlet to two or more of said units being shiftable to bring either the first or the last named valve portions into operation, and means for automatically shifting said valve to throw O the last-mentioned inlet-.controlling portions out of commission when the motor is operating under normal conditions.

8. The combination with a motor coinprising a plurality of motor units, of a fluid-pressurecontrolling valve provided with portions for normally successively controlling inlet and exhaust from the several motor units when the motor is in normal motion, said valve also having portions for permitting inlet to two or more of said units simultaneously, and a spring normally holding said valve in position to render the last-mcntioned inlet portions of the valve in operative position, said spring yielding under the motive fluid pressure to permit the valve to shift under said pressure to throw the last-mentioned inlet-controlling portions out of commission.

4. In a motor, the combination of a plurality of cylinders, associated pistons and crank shaft, of a rotary axially movable valve controlling the flow of motive fluid to said cylinders, said valve having portions for controlling the inlet in regular succession and other portions permitting initial inflow to two or more of the cylinders.

5. In a motor, the combination of a plurality of cylinders, associated pistons and crank shaft, a head closing said cylinders and having ports communicating with the several cylinders, a ported sleeve mounted in said head and communicating with said first-mentioned ports, a rotary axially movable valve mounted in said sleeve and provided With a plurality of pairs of ports, one port of each pair being longer than the other and normally circumferentially registering with the adjacent sleeve poit, and means yielding under the pressure of the motive fluid for normally holding the valve in said position and automatically bringing the shorter ports into circumferential registry with the sleeve ports after the motor is in motion.

6. In a motor, the combination of a plurality of cylinders, associated pistons and crank shaft, a head closing said cylinders and having ports communicating with the several cylinders, a ported sleeve mounted in said head and communicating with said first-mentioned ports, a rotary axially movable valve mounted in said sleeve and pro` vided with a plurality of pairs of ports one port ofv each pair being longer than the other and normally circumferentially registering with the adjacent sleeve port, and means for normally holding the valve iu said position and automatically bringing the shorter ports into circumferential registry with the sleeve ports after the motor is in motion.

7 A motor comprising a plurality of motor units, means for admitting motive fluid to said units in succession, said means having one portion for admitting such motive fluid to a plurality of said units at a time and another for admitting such motive fluid to an average smaller number of such units at a time, said first portion being in operative position When the motor is at rest, and means controlled by the setting of the motor into operation and operated by the pressure of the motor fluid for automatically shifting said admission means to render said first portion inoperative and said second portion solely operative.

8. A motor comprising a plurality of motor units, means for admitting motive fluid to said units in succession, said means having one portion for admitting such motive fluid to a plurality of said units at a time and another for admitting such motive fluid to an average smaller number of such units at a time, said rst portion being in operative position When the motor is at rest, and means controlled by the setting of the motor into operation for automatically shifting said admission means to render said first portion inoperative and said second portion solely operative.

9. The combination of a motor comprising a plurality of fluid pressure operated motor units, means controlled by the motor movement for admitting fluid under pressure to said motor units, said fluid-admitting means having openings for admitting such fluid under pressure to the motor units for a proportionate part of their movements', and means for causing said fluid-admitting openings of said fluid-admitting means to remain open for a relatively large proportionate part of the movement of their associated units When the motor is starting and for a smaller proportionate part of such movement after the motor has gotten into operation.

10. The combination of a motor comprising a plurality of cylinders and pistons, means controlled by the motor movement for admitting fluid under pressure to the cylinders in succession, said fluid-admitting means having openings for admitting such fluid under pressure to the cylinders for a proportionate part of the movements of their pistons, and means for causing said fluid-admitting openings of said fluid-admitting means to be opened to admit fluid to each cylinder for a relatively larger proportionate part of the piston movement When the motor is starting and for a smaller proportionate part of such movement after the motor has gotten into operation.

11. The combination of a motor comprising a plurality of cylinders and pistons, means controlled by the motor movement for admitting fluid under pressure to the cylinders in succession, said fluid-admitting means having openings for admitting such fluid under pressure to the cylinders for a proportionate part of the movements of their pisillu tons, and means for causing said fluid-admitting openings of said fluid-admitting means to be opened to admit fluid to each cylinder for one given proportionate part of its piston movement initially and to be opened for another and smaller proportionate part of its piston movement after the initial supply.

12. The combination of a motor comprising a plurality of fluid pressure operated motor units, valve means for admitting fluid under pressure to said motor units in succession, said fluid-admitting valve means being operable by the motor to admit suoli fluid under pressure to said motor units for denite proportionate parts of the movements thereof, and means for controlling said valve means to vary the proportionate part of the movement of each unit during Which said valve means admits fluid to it, the said second means being operated by the fluid pressure supplied to the motor to diminish such proportionate part after the initial supply of fluid pressure to the motor.

13. The combination of a motor comprising a plurality of fluid pressure operated motor units, valve means for admitting fluid under pressure to said motor units in succession, said fluid-admitting valve means being operable by the motor to admit such fluid under pressure to said motor units for definite proportionate parts of the movements thereof, and means for automatically controlling said valve means to reduce the proportionate part of the movement of each unit during Which said valve means admits fluid to it after the motor has gotten into operation.

14L r1`he combination of a motor comprising a plurality of fluid pressure operated motor units, valve means for admitting fluid under pressure to said motor units in succession, said valve means being controllable to admit fluid under pressure to each unit for either of tvvo dierent proportions of the movement of such unit and being normally in condition to admit fluid under pressure to said units for the larger proportion of their movement, and means controlled by the initial supply of fluid under pressure to said motor to cause said valve means to change to a condition in Which it admits fluid under pressure to said units for the smaller proportion of their movement.

15. The combination of a motor comprising a plurality of fluid pressure` operated motor units, valve means for admitting fluid under pressure to said motor units in succession, said valve means being controllable to admit fluid under pressure to each unit for either of tvvo different proportions of the movement of such unit, and means operated by the supply of fluid under pressure to said motor to cause said valve means to reduce the proportion of movement during which it admits fluid under pressure to said units after the motor has gotten into operation.

16. Theoombination of la motor comprising a plurality of fluid pressure operated motor units, Valve means for ladmitting fluid under pressure to said motor units in succession, said valve means being lcontrollable to admit fluid under pressure to each unit for either of tWo different proportions of the imovement of such unit and being normally in condition to admit fluid under pressure to said units for the larger proportion of their movement.

17. The combination of a motor :comprising .a plurality ,of cylinders and pistons, valve means operated by the motor for ad- Copies of this patent may be obtained for vve cents each, by addressing the mitting fluid to each cylinder for a part o' :the movement of the piston Within said cylinder, and means which upon supplying fluid to the motor to start it into operation is operated to reduce the Value of such piston-movement'part by a definite amount after the motor has received its initial supply ofiuid.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set 'my hand at Indianapolis, Indiana, this twenty-second day of September, A. D. one thousand nine hundred and fourteen.

ALBERT C. SAVIDGE.

Witnesses:

J osEPHINE GASPER, G. B. SOHLEY.

Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, '.D. C, 

